Superfluities Redux

On culture and theatre, by George Hunka

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Monday, 21 July 2008

Defenders of the Faith

UPDATE: There's more on this at Terry Teachout's blog today, along with a link to Ethan Iverson's response. Ever the loyal opposition, A.C. Douglas takes exception to my own conclusion.


Because it seems to have everything to do with modern music and little to do with modern theatre, Joe Queenan's 9 July essay in the Guardian, "Admit it, you're as bored as I am", has gone by the boards in the theatre blogosphere, but it shouldn't have, really. Queenan's screed is a weak and unpersuasive broadside against contemporary music, its composers and its audience; in placing himself on the side of those who have tried it and quite disliked it (while at the same time parading his as-it-were Average-Joe roots – "Because of my working-class background, 'serious' music was important to me ... I consider myself to be the kind of listener contemporary composers would need to reach if they had any hope of achieving a breakthrough," he says, a line of thought apropos of nothing in particular and in which I fail to see a logical progression), he defends ... well, I'm not sure what his point was, exactly, unless it was only to demean the status of contemporary music and lard various ad hominem attacks on composers, audiences and critics in general in an attempt to validate and rationalise his own lack of appreciation for the music.

A defense of new music comes from Terry Teachout in this past Saturday's Wall Street Journal (Terry's tastes and mine differ by a measurement of light-years, but I'm glad to read it); more comment, however, much more comment, comes from Tom Service's response on the Guardian music blog of 9 July.

"The last couple of times [Stockhausen] came to London, the repellent trend-jumpers – technoheads, avant rockers, goateed Shoreditch types – were all over the place," one commenter on Service's entry says, and this tone and vocabulary are not far different from Queenan's own. Harrison Birtwistle's new opera, The Minotaur, is "harsh and ugly and monotonous and generically apocalyptic. Birtwistleites might dismiss me as a Luddite who despises new music, but the truth is, I find nothing new in The Minotaur's dreary, brutish score; it's the same funereal caterwauling that bourgeoisie-loathing composers have been churning out since the 1930s," says Queenan, who is renowned as a humorist (though I see nothing particularly chuckle-inducing here).

Queenan drags out a few more warhorses from the anti-modernist songbook as well. The idea that art should be more like ... well, more like sports, with an adherence to arbitrary rules and forms that the audience brings a priori to their experience as an audience (though a sporting event is a paradigm that fails theatre almost entirely – while there's no knowing which team will "win," one team will; also, sporting events invite self-identification with one team or the other, not unlike the perceived necessity by some theatre artists that the audience has to empathise with one character or another on the stage for a play to be effective, a presumption with us for some time now and perhaps ripe for retirement). An innovative art, however, moves forward, while sports continuously reifies its own forms, only rarely revising them with things like the designated hitter rule. Queenan also takes to task the small audiences for these events, assuming that this is some kind of indication of this music's intrinsic worth. (This will be news to people who recently saw Zimmermann's sold-out Die Soldaten during the Lincoln Center Festival. It's news to me too, who enjoyed, with another sold-out house, a James Levine-led concert of Schoenberg's piano music and Pierrot Lunaire as well as other chamber works by Berg and Webern at Carnegie Hall last season.) In any event, audience size is the product of too many factors to quantify successfully: the role of marketing, familiarity with composers and performers, press relations, ticket prices – none of which has anything, really, to do with the music itself.

Once all these poor rhetorical flourishes are chipped away, one is left with a sense that what drives all this is the emergence of an inferiority complex – that Queenan feels that he just doesn't "get it"; his current response is to imply that there's nothing to "get" in the first place. Setting aside for the moment the assumption that art is something that one has to "get," whatever that means, one doesn't need to get past more than an introductory course in Freud to recognise that Queenan's attack on this music is an act of aggression towards that which makes him feel inferior. It comes as no surprise, then, that Queenan descends to impugning and condemning the motives of the composers themselves – though to know those motives would be an act of mindreading generally beyond the parapsychic abilities of middling American humorists. Who to blame? The composers, made up of "dozens of academics who give each other awards for music nobody likes"? No? Then maybe it's that other awful influence on society, those damn kids who make up the audience for the music: "A certain market for demanding new music can always be found among brash young urbanites, but this audience is not large, nor well-heeled. Moreover, it is by no means certain that the affection for new work survives one's youth, when sonically grating music is mostly a way of antagonising older people. The central problem in writing music targeting hipsters is that even hipsters one day stop being hip ..." Touché, I guess, says this brash young 46-year-old only-moderately-heeled hipster. Or it could be programmers and musical directors of musical groups. Scheduling these works on programs with Liszt and Brahms "is not just asking striplings to compete with titans; it is asking obscure, academically trained liquid interfacers to compete with titans at the top of their game." Though one needs to be reminded, perhaps, that neither Liszt or Brahms were born titans, but became so through experimentation with form and sound, which experiments were not always greeted with unanimous cheering. Quite the opposite, sometimes.

At least Queenan stops one step short of calling this work "fraudulent" in trying to sell a corrupt bill of goods to a gullible audience. Accusations of fraudulence might work well in determining the behavior of a car salesman or a mortgage banker, but in art the definition of "fraudulent" is, like most definitions in art, in the eye of the beholder. Many have found the work of a director like Jan Fabre "fraudulent"; I and many others do not. On the other hand, I found Romeo Castellucci's production of Hey Girl! last season particularly susceptible to such charges, and I was in the minority there. To each his own, but the use of the word attempts to pin a moral or ethical motive on a work of art which, by some lights, is beyond simple dichotomies as true or false, sincere or fraudulent. In this conception, such labels are irrelevant in discussing a piece of music or a play.

There's nothing wrong with being indifferent to, or even actively disliking, this kind of music. I don't like some of it myself (though I must say I find far more in Stockhausen, Penderecki and Berio than Queenan does). But 1,000-word essays in the Guardian about indifference or dislike don't garner readers; broadside attacks do. I post about this at length here because I often hear the same kinds of vitriol directed at contemporary theatre artists as well: that their attempts at "offending" the audience are content-less attempts to epater le bourgeoisie; that their advocates are toff-nosed artists, academics and intellectuals whose sole motive is to raise themselves above everyone else, the philistine mob. No doubt some few individuals do this. But not all, or even most.

Most often the rhetoric is aimed at Modernist or Romantic conceptions of the artist – indeed, Modernists and Romantics, rather than Modernism or Romanticism themselves. Even if this were germane to the reception of this music, without Modernism or Modernists we'd have no Baudelaire, Eliot or Beckett (or Wagner, Ibsen or Chekhov, come to that); without Romanticism or Romantics, no Keats, Shelley or Byron. And it is true that these writers (and composers like those mentioned above) find that undermining traditional conceptions of form and content is the only means by which they can express their own innovative, liberating perspectives. You can't make an omelet without breaking eggs, and art does not continue to live and breathe from generation to generation without forms, expectations and assumptions being shattered. That the bourgeoisie is epatered should come as no surprise. The aggression directed at these artists and this art, like Queenan's against these contemporary composers and their music, is indicative not of indifference or dislike, but a need to suppress, to condemn – a puritanical and reactionary project to dump us back in the 18th century, before the work of Darwin, Marx, and Freud indicated the paucity of rationalistic, meliorist Enlightenment thought and social philosophy.

An admission of dislike or indifference towards this art, as I said, is understandable. Taste is personal; it takes all kinds to make up an audience. But hostility towards its audiences and artists is the expression of reactionary hatred towards persons – and, as Freud would point out, hatred emerges from fear. What is it that Queenan and his advocates at Tom Service's blog are so afraid of?

Posted at 9.35 am in /Music

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