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Home > Drama
Wednesday, 03 December 2008
Market Rules
Christopher Shinn:
Is American theatre up against a wall?
In the latest issue of the Index on Censorship, Christopher Shinn writes
about theatre and self-censorship in the post-Bush age. He cites
the Rachel Corrie and Corpus Christi affairs as indicative
of a trend towards the trivialization of theatre, unlikely to end with the
election of Barack Obama, which may continue "regardless of who is in the
White House and how the recent financial crisis changes the structure of
our society." Chris writes:
Clinton's centrism laid the groundwork for the Bush presidency to move
the country radically to the right. In the Bush era, the Democratic party
maintained a vocabulary of opposition while essentially continuing its
Clintonian centrism (as its support for the Iraq war made clear, to give
just one example). Barack Obama, despite his progressive rhetoric, ran a
centrist campaign for the Democratic nomination and seems unlikely to
change the parameters of the debate or commit to major progressive policy
initiatives as president. ...
Although there are individuals currently doing innovative and
courageous work, I think that, broadly speaking, American playwrights have
fallen victim to what has happened in the culture at large: the
oppositional voice has largely disappeared and been absorbed by the
dominant ideologies of our time free market, apolitical,
militaristic.
Sadly, it is hard to see how a country whose two major parties agree on
so much, and whose wealth has become an expectation for its citizens, is
going to transform itself into a more equitable and peaceful place, and
one more tolerant of and interested in politically oppositional art.
Global markets have changed Hollywood forever, and non-profit
theatres will continue to need the support of the ruling class to fund
their existence. Writers who wish to make a living wage from their writing
will likely continue to self-censor in order to be produced at these
theatres and to remain viable in Hollywood.
Are there any realistic grounds for hope? Could a change really come?
Will an Obama presidency or the aftermath of the financial crisis help
spur a change? In the aftermath of the Rachel Corrie affair, the
fact that so many theatre artists would only privately communicate their
support and agreement with me is both the tragedy, and the hope, of our
current predicament as American theatre artists in the newly
post-Bush era.
The complete essay is available as a .pdf here.
Formally, Chris's work is firmly within the tradition of
post-Ibsenite realistic and naturalistic dramaturgy (and Chris may be
the finest young American writer dedicated to working within that
tradition; that he was selected to adapt Hedda
Gabler for its upcoming Broadway production is evidence of that);
because he is something of a formal traditionalist, his words here have
particular force.
While I agree with many of his points, I also feel that he doesn't go
quite far enough. As American dramatists have internalized the Hollywood
aesthetic and ethos, the imaginations of these dramatists have become
spiritually and voluntarily crippled: the unending call for "good"
storytelling (what preconceptions lie in that modifier "good," and where
do those preconceptions come from?), the requirement that even our darkest
plays contain some measure of "entertainment" (a weasel-word,
allowing us to define it in whatever way we choose), the emphasis on
audience as collective, the facile psychologizing of characters rather
than an incisive exploration of their spiritual and physical conditions,
the purpose of theatre as an arena for ameliorist progressive politics and
"hope" or "courage," whatever these are (and however little these abstract
and falsely-comforting qualities have to do with the human truths
that the theatre can uniquely exhibit). These are all questions that
speak to the social and cultural ends of theatre, and represent a ruling,
oppressive ideology both above and beneath their surface.
I'm sure that Chris is right in that "there are individuals currently
doing innovative and courageous work," but I'm not sure there are as many
of them as we might like to believe. Many of our playwrights don't choose
to abjure the current production system, but to join it: to "change the
system from within," though being within the system in the first place is
the surest way to become co-opted by its cultural and ideological
preconceptions, almost without knowing it. They want access to the big
stages that the institutional theatres represent, and having determined
that their own individuality is primarily the product of collectivist
social forces, cheerfully and blithely join that collective ideology and
collective mind. It certainly means that they no longer then feel the need
to explore those darker recesses of the self, since they've rendered those
recesses philosophically (and theatrically) irrelevant. But this
irrationality breaks free: in Mumbai, in Iraq, in Jonestown, even at a Wal-Mart in Long Island. Ameliorist progressive
politics, with a nod to collectivism, is a blinder to this irrationality.
It's the excavation of this irrationality that is missing from our stages,
but so long as the current ideology remains at the center of our theatres'
cultural mission, it will continue to go begging.
Chris's full essay, again, is available online here.
Posted at 9.09 am in /Dramatists/Chris_Shinn
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Home > Drama
Wednesday, 26 November 2008
Daniel Keene
Better late than never: Australian dramatist Daniel Keene gets the
full-on 30-minute radio documentary treatment in the 9
November edition of Artworks from ABC Radio National. In an
interview with presenter Amanda Smith, Keene discusses his position as a
playwright whose work is seemingly more at home in the theatres of Paris
than those of Melbourne or Sydney, and in Paris, Rhiannon Brown talks to
the translator of Keene's plays, Severine Magois. I wrote about
Terminus
and Other Plays, a collection of Keene's work, in 2005 here.
Posted at 12.24 pm in /Dramatists
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Wednesday, 26 November 2008
Process Online
Starting today at 10.00am and continuing every Wednesday through the
opening on 5 February 2009, rehearsals for Richard Foreman and John Zorn's
Astronome: A
Night at the Opera, the spring production at the
Ontological-Hysteric Theatre, can be seen live on-line through
the good offices of free103point9 Transmission Arts. It's a unique
offering from two unique theatre and music artists (three, if you include
the fine work that free103point9 is doing); watch Foreman, his cast and
his crew create a new work before your very eyes. You want the theatrical
process available through the Internet, you've got it.
Posted at 9.20 am in /Dramatists/Richard_Foreman
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Home > Drama
Tuesday, 25 November 2008
Interrogating Jonestown
18 November 2008 marked the 30th anniversary of the mass death at Jonestown, what the anonymous Wikipedia author calls
"the greatest single loss of American civilian life in a non-natural
disaster until the events of September 11, 2001." Over 900 members of the
"faith-based" socialist agricultural collective died, at either their
own hands or those of the lieutenants of the commune's leader, Jim
Jones.
The event was a profoundly traumatic catastrophe for the American
national culture. Jones and his followers, who had been attempting to
establish their own version of an ideal world, their own
city-on-a-hill, for nearly 30 years, enjoyed the support of
American political leaders and earned the admiration of thousands; the
dedication of the Peoples Temple to racial equality, to communitarian
ideals, to the possibilities of human community, went unquestioned. Jones
was praised by George Moscone, Jerry Brown and then Vice-President
Walter Mondale; only a year before Jonestown, he was named Chairman of
the San Francisco Housing Authority and in 1976 won the "Humanitarian of
the Year" Award from the Los Angeles Herald-Examiner. At the
same time, the ideology
of the community was not able to contain the gross irrationality
both Jones' and his followers that would eventually lead to the
slaughter. The details, the seeming need to find a significance that would
distance the event from the American cultural shifts and assumptions that
led to the creation of the Peoples Temple, have been raked over the coals
in dozens of films, documentaries and books. No significance, no meaning,
has been established. Two Rice University researchers who maintain a Web site about the cultural significance of
Jonestown can only conclude:
A complete examination into the events and meanings of the Jonestown
cult would entail leafing through many pages of letters and documents,
listening to taped conversations, and researching the histories of each of
that cult's followers. In addition, the theories of any of scores of
social theorists, philosophers, psychologists, scholars of religion, et
cetera would no doubt be pertinent to a complete understanding of the
anomaly of Jonestown and the culture that spawned it. The compilers of
this site do not have the resources nor the theoretical knowledge to
profess to such a venture. In fact, it would be impossible for us to claim
a complete understanding of such a complex event, even with an
encyclopedic knowledge of all world thought. Our goal in the compilation
of this site is to encourage you to consider the history of Jonestown in
light of the mainstream culture around it. If Jim Jones's concept of
revolutionary suicide is to be affective on any level it is necessary that
we conceive of this (apparent) anomaly as an indicator of problems within
society as a whole. Consider the implications of Jonestown as regarding
its broader historical era as well as our contemporary world. Remember
that those who found refuge in the Temple were seeking, as we all do, a
place within a world they felt ill-equipt to understand. These Temple
members were not others; they were us.
And it is, too, a subject worthy of a dramatist working in the
tradition of Shakespeare. Not merely in its external dressing, of course
certainly it's a broad-canvas subject, appropriate to the
heights of lyricism; aesthetically, naturalistic dialogue could not
contain the wild passion of the self-destruction it suggests.
Internally, too, the subject contains several of those dynamics properly
the property of what David Ian Rabey suggested was the foundation of the
consciousness of a Shakespearean dramatist. According to Rabey, the
realist mode as it has come down through Chekhov denies "the socially
unmanageable individual capacity for unpredictable
self-transformation." The Shakespearean drama is a metaphorical and
lyrical drama which questions ideology and the stability of individual
identity through the play of power, death and sexuality. Rabey cites
Stephen Booth's comment on the condition of Cordelia in King
Lear:
I submit that audiences are not shocked by the fact of Cordelia's death
but by its situation and that audiences grieve not for Cordelia's physical
vulnerability, or for the physical vulnerability of humankind, but for
their own our own mental vulnerability, a vulnerability made
absolutely inescapable when the play pushes inexorably beyond its own
identity, rolling across and crushing the very framework that enables its
audience to endure the otherwise terrifying explosion of all manner of
ordinarily indispensable mental contrivances for isolating, limiting and
comprehending. When Lear enters howling in the last moments of the play,
Shakespeare has already presented an action that is serious, of undoubted
magnitude, and complete; he thereupon continues that action beyond the
limits of the one category that no audience can expect to see challenged:
Shakespeare presents the culminating events of his story after his play is
over.
In short, the Shakespearean tragedy always extends beyond the events of
the play and into the individual consciousness, the individual psyche, and
embodies in its language and performers not merely contemplation but the
experience of that contemplation as well: tragedy is beyond commerce, and
beyond the four walls of the theatre.
On occasion, it may be doubted that the American experience lacks those
historical and philosophical extensions into the past and future that make
possible a Shakespearean drama: our culture insists that we are tethered
to the present and does not encourage us to explore beyond it. Nonetheless
(and so long as some bloggers are desultorily discussing the content or, rather, the lack of discussion of
content of the plays presented on American stages), our history
provides the canvas for the dramatic imagination, and events like
Jonestown can be found in it events that question ideology and the
enlightenment conception of ameliorist progression of human beings. In the
composition of a play about Jonestown, however, there can be no
expectation of understanding, of significance, of meaning: the very
existence of the irrational denies it. Many aspects of Jonestown
its location in cultural history, the historic and personal forces that
whipped Jones and his community into being, be they calls to social
justice, self-actualization, an iconoclastic spirituality beyond
tradition are uniquely American. One day, an American drama worthy
of the epithet "Shakespearean" may emerge from theatrical considerations
of such events, as Shakespeare took a king named Leir from Holinshed's
Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland and transformed him
into an emblem of the suffering of the race.
The most comprehensive book on Jones and the Peoples Temple is the
recently reissued Raven, by Tim Reiterman. Mary McCormick Maaga's
Hearing the Voices of Jonestown considers the
women who helped Jones lead the movement, many of them educated political
activists committed to social justice. Finally, there's Shiva
Naipaul's 1980 book on the event, Journey to Nowhere, which is
a dour but powerful meditation based on original reportage in the
aftermath of Jonestown. It is unfortunately out of print.
Posted at 9.05 am in /Drama
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Tuesday, 28 October 2008
Call for Papers
David Ian Rabey and Karoline Gritzner of Aberystwyth
University
in Wales have asked me to pass along the following call for papers:
HOWARD BARKER'S ART OF THEATRE
An international conference, Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK, 10-12
July 2009
Deadline for Proposals: 5 January 2009
Howard
Barker is widely acknowledged as a major British dramatist (who has
now had staged, broadcast or published over a hundred plays), director,
theorist, scenographer and visual artist. In recent years, his reputation
has extended to a position of international eminence. Our principal
objective is to bring together as many Barker scholars and practitioners
as possible from their different countries, to explore and analyse the
full range of his remarkable body of work. It has become apparent that
there is a wide interest in Barker's work, principally in France and
America where his productions of his work are burgeoning (a four-play
season at Paris Odéon in Spring 2009, alongside fifth and sixth
concurrent Paris productions, and new productions of two early works this
year in New York). Barker's own theatre company, The Wrestling
School, which has recently become financially independent, is now in
its third decade, and has increased its annual work from one production a
year to two, continuing to explore and present innovative work,
uncompromisingly. It is a timely juncture to review Barker's art of the
theatre and both widen and intensify scholarly attention to the unique
expanse of his work in the context of international theatre, at
Aberystwyth University (where Barker is Honorary Professor, and where
there has been an unparalleled tradition of student and professional
productions of Barker's work for over two decades). The conference will
include a rehearsed reading of Barker’s play A Wounded Knife,
unperformed outside of Denmark, and possibly an exhibition of his
paintings.
Topics to be discussed in relation to Barker's work might include:
Philosophy and ethical re-evaluation; practical perspectives:
acting; direction; scenography and mise-en-scène; music and
sound; landscapes; gender and sexuality; history and politics; language;
the body and physicality; visual and aesthetic dimensions of the work:
beauty and anxiety; production history: The Wrestling School, and/or
beyond; eroticism and seduction; Barker in the context of European and
world theatre; tragedy/comedy; stylistic developments within the
Barker canon; the religious and the spiritual; Barker's re-visioning
of classic drama texts; Barker's radio drama; paintings and drawings; and
other perspectives on Barker's Art of the Theatre.
Confirmed keynote speakers:
Howard Barker
Prof. Elisabeth Angel-Perez (University of Paris-Sorbonne, Paris IV,
editor of Howard Barker et le theatre de la Catastrophe and
translator of Barker's essays): "Reinventing Grand Narratives: Barker’s
Challenge to Postmodernism"
Dr. Charles Lamb (University of Winchester, author of The Theatre of
Howard Barker): Barker's pictorial landscapes
Further contributions proposed by:
Prof. Heiner Zimmermann (University of Heidelberg): Visual memory in
Barker's drama
Ms. Melanie Jessop (Actress and Outreach Officer, The Wrestling School
Theatre Company): Anxiety in acting Barker
Mr. Gerrard McArthur (Actor and Director, The Wrestling School Theatre
Company): "Overcoming the Paralysis of Naturalism: Barker's Bodies Making
Brains"
Prof. Michael Mangan (Exeter University): Prisons in Barker's drama and
theatre
Prof. Dan Rebellato (Royal Holloway, London): Barker's Genealogy of
Morals
Dr. Graham Saunders (Reading): The Wrestling School theatre company and
The Arts Council archive
Dr. Christine Kiehl (University of Lyon 2): The Paris Odéon 2009
Barker Season: analysis, with interviews with directors
Mr. Jay King (Florida State University): Time in Barker's drama
Mr. George Hunka (Superfluities Redux website, New York):
Beckett, Foreman and Barker
Dr. Clare Finburgh (Essex University): Barker's women characters
Dr. Chris Megson (Royal Holloway, London): "'Evidence in contempt':
Evocations of Anti-History in Barker's Theatre"
Mr. Daniel Sack (Stanford): "A Landscape Without Maps: Scenography as
Character in Howard Barker's The Castle"
Prof. David Ian Rabey (Aberystwyth): Barker's poetry in the 1990s and
2000s
Dr. Carl Lavery (Aberystwyth): Barker, Genet, Kantor and the politics
of death
Dr. Roger Owen (Aberystwyth): Barker's address to Dionysus
Please note all speakers and topics may be subject to
change.
250 word proposals for presentations (which should not exceed 20
minutes delivery time), with any relevant technical requirements, and any
further enquiries, should be submitted to Dr. Karoline Gritzner (kgg@aber.ac.uk) no later than 5
January 2009.
Conference fee and registration details will be confirmed in early
2009.
Posted at 9.09 am in /Dramatists/Howard_Barker
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